Matrix Convolution Filters in C#
I've shown you a couple filters that take a pixel and modify it based on its surrounding pixels. This includes the box blur, Gaussian blur, etc. however, even though they might qualify, I'm leaving out some like the Kuwahara and Median filters. I'm specifically talking about those where we averaged the pixels based on some sort of weighting system. These filters are called Convolution Filters. While I've been hard coding most of these items, you can simply look at each of these filters as a matrix. For example the Box Blur would look like:
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
The 3x3 matrix, if used, would take each pixel and multiply it by 1 and add it to the total. The total is then divided by the total value of the matrix (in this case 9), which gives us our final value. However in an emboss filter (what you would use in creating a bump map), we would use something like the following:
-1 -1 -1
-1 9 -1
-1 -1 -1
The matrix above is treated in the same manner of the box blur matrix but instead of dividing by 9, we'd divide by 1 ((8*-1)+9=1)... So really we ignore the division portion. That being said, we might want to add a value to this (if you use it, you'll notice that it's rather dark), 127 is usually the default (to red, green, and blue individually).
Anyway, as you can see these types of filters are rather generic (only the matrix changes and maybe the value we add). As such, I've gone back and written a class to help with these types of filters:
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#region Usings
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using Utilities.Math;
#endregion
namespace Utilities.Media.Image
{
/// <summary>
/// Used when applying convolution filters to an image
/// </summary>
public class Filter
{
#region Constructor
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
public Filter()
{
MyFilter = new int\[3, 3\];
Width = 3;
Height = 3;
Offset = 0;
Absolute = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Width">Width</param>
/// <param name="Height">Height</param>
public Filter(int Width, int Height)
{
MyFilter = new int\[Width, Height\];
this.Width = Width;
this.Height = Height;
Offset = 0;
Absolute = false;
}
#endregion
#region Public Properties
/// <summary>
/// The actual filter array
/// </summary>
public int\[,\] MyFilter { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Width of the filter box
/// </summary>
public int Width { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Height of the filter box
/// </summary>
public int Height { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Amount to add to the red, blue, and green values
/// </summary>
public int Offset { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Determines if we should take the absolute value prior to clamping
/// </summary>
public bool Absolute { get; set; }
#endregion
#region Public Functions
/// <summary>
/// Applies the filter to the input image
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Input">input image</param>
/// <returns>Returns a separate image with the filter applied</returns>
public Bitmap ApplyFilter(Bitmap Input)
{
Bitmap NewBitmap = new Bitmap(Input.Width, Input.Height);
BitmapData NewData = Image.LockImage(NewBitmap);
BitmapData OldData = Image.LockImage(Input);
int NewPixelSize = Image.GetPixelSize(NewData);
int OldPixelSize = Image.GetPixelSize(OldData);
for (int x = 0; x < Input.Width; ++x)
{
for (int y = 0; y < Input.Height; ++y)
{
int RValue = 0;
int GValue = 0;
int BValue = 0;
int Weight = 0;
int XCurrent = -Width / 2;
for (int x2 = 0; x2 < Width; ++x2)
{
if (XCurrent + x < Input.Width && XCurrent + x >= 0)
{
int YCurrent = -Height / 2;
for (int y2 = 0; y2 < Height; ++y2)
{
if (YCurrent + y < Input.Height && YCurrent + y >= 0)
{
Color Pixel = Image.GetPixel(OldData, XCurrent + x, YCurrent + y, OldPixelSize);
RValue += MyFilter\[x2, y2\] \* Pixel.R;
GValue += MyFilter\[x2, y2\] \* Pixel.G;
BValue += MyFilter\[x2, y2\] \* Pixel.B;
Weight += MyFilter\[x2, y2\];
}
++YCurrent;
}
}
++XCurrent;
}
Color MeanPixel = Image.GetPixel(OldData, x, y, OldPixelSize);
if (Weight == 0)
Weight = 1;
if (Weight > 0)
{
if (Absolute)
{
RValue = System.Math.Abs(RValue);
GValue = System.Math.Abs(GValue);
BValue = System.Math.Abs(BValue);
}
RValue = (RValue / Weight) + Offset;
RValue = MathHelper.Clamp(RValue, 255, 0);
GValue = (GValue / Weight) + Offset;
GValue = MathHelper.Clamp(GValue, 255, 0);
BValue = (BValue / Weight) + Offset;
BValue = MathHelper.Clamp(BValue, 255, 0);
MeanPixel = Color.FromArgb(RValue, GValue, BValue);
}
Image.SetPixel(NewData, x, y, MeanPixel, NewPixelSize);
}
}
Image.UnlockImage(NewBitmap, NewData);
Image.UnlockImage(Input, OldData);
return NewBitmap;
}
#endregion
}
}One thing to note is that the class uses a couple of functions from my utility library specifically locking/unlocking the images to speed things up and a clamp function from my MathHelper class. You can simply remove the locking/unlocking code and replace the SetPixel/GetPixel functions with the built in equivalent. The MathHelper function simply clamps a value between two values (inclusive). Anyway, the class above allows you to set the filter and then send in a bitmap object and it will run on it. And since it has the copyright notice at the top, it is going into the Utilities library. In fact I've gone back and rewritten some of the Image class's functions to use it. So you're going to see this class a bit more in the future. By the way, if you want to try it out, try the following matrices:
Motion Blur, left to right:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gaussian Blur:
1 2 1
2 4 2
1 2 1
Sharpen:
-1 -2 -1
-2 16 -2
-1 -2 -1
Anyway, hopefully this will help you out. So give it a try, leave feedback, and happy coding.
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